Explainer: Extreme Heat Can Damage Your Brain And Organs, Symptoms And Prevention Tips

New Delhi:  With temperatures expected to rise to dangerous levels this summer season, hospitals are reporting a surge in cases of heat-related illnesses, including vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach aches, dry eyes, restlessness, and even neurological symptoms. Medical experts warn that prolonged exposure to heat can disrupt the body’s natural cooling system and cause serious damage to vital organs, especially the brain.

Outpatient Departments (OPDs) in both government and private hospitals are witnessing a surge in patients, particularly children, suffering from heat-related illnesses. Doctors are cautioning and recommending that children avoid cold beverages, such as aerated drinks or ice-based refreshments, which may aggravate these symptoms.

Dr Deepak Gautam, General Medicine Department, Sir Sundarlal Hospital, BHU says, “The number of patients coming to hospitals with vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain, restlessness and nervousness is increasing continuously. During heatstroke, body temperature rises significantly, which can cause severe damage to the brain and other internal organs.” He advises staying indoors between 11 am and 4 pm, if possible.

Dr Gautam explains that heat exhaustion can lead to symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, and fatigue. In the case of dehydration, the body loses essential fluids, resulting in extreme thirst, dry skin, and sluggishness. Heat can also trigger muscle pain and cramps. To prevent these issues, it is crucial to stay hydrated by drinking sufficient water throughout the day.

In response to rising temperatures, the Delhi State Health Mission, a national program under the Delhi government, issued an advisory with key precautions, including avoid going out in direct sunlight during peak heat, especially between 12 and 3 pm. Do not go out barefoot. Avoid high-protein foods as much as possible and avoid consuming stale food. Do not leave children and pets in parked cars. Do not wear dark colored, heavy and tight clothes. Do not do excessive physical work when the outside temperature is high. Avoid cooking during peak heat, open doors and windows to keep the kitchen area cool. Avoid consuming alcohol, tea, coffee, carbonated soft drinks, etc., as they dehydrate the body.

Diseases and symptoms in summer

Dr Vimal Shrivastava, a senior doctor at Delhi’s Somdatta Hospital, warns that high fever during the summer heat warrants immediate medical attention as it can be potentially life-threatening. He explains that common summer ailments include heatstroke, dehydration, food poisoning, and fever. Dr Shrivastava advises avoiding direct sunlight by using an umbrella or hat, getting adequate rest, and wearing light clothing to help keep the body cool. Following these precautions can contribute to staying healthy during the summer months.

The Disaster Management, Relief and Civil Defence Department of the Rajasthan Government has suggested the following guidelines to prevent heatstroke in summer:  

1. Stay hydrated with fluids like buttermilk, lemon water, and mango panna.
2. Carry water when travelling.
3. Eat balanced, light, and regular meals, avoiding high-protein and stale foods.
4. Avoid afternoon sunlight.
5. If someone shows signs of heatstroke, move them to the shade, cool them with wet clothes or a bath, and seek medical help.
6. Recognise heatstroke symptoms, such as weakness, headache, nausea, excessive sweating, shaking, or dizziness, and consult a doctor immediately if these occur.
7. Sick and pregnant individuals should take extra precautions.

Disclaimer: This article has been written with the help of experts. The details given here are for information purposes only. Consult your doctor for any advice.

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• Heat stroke
• heatstroke prevention
• heatstroke symptoms
• organ damage
• symptoms of heatstroke